Etikett: usa

16000 years of religious lineage

The earliest temple civilization I could find when doing my research was located on the planes between the rivers Tigris and Euphrates, 16000 years ago. Let’s start there…

The planes between Tigris and Euphrates

Mesopotamian Gods

Mesopotamian religion (14,000 B.C.) was polytheistic, with followers worshipping several main gods and thousands of minor gods. The three main gods were Ea (Sumerian: Enki), the god of wisdom and magic, Anu (Sumerian: An, Arabic: Anush), the sky god, and Enlil (Ellil, Marduch), the god of earth, storms and agriculture and the controller of fates. Ea is the creator and protector of humanity in both the Epic of Gilgamesh and the story of the Great Flood. In the latter story, Ea made humans out of clay, but the God Enlil sought to destroy humanity by creating a flood. Ea had the humans build an ark and mankind was spared. If this story sounds familiar, it should; foundational Mesopotamian religious stories about the Garden of Eden, the Great Flood, and the Creation of the Tower of Babel found their way into the Quran, and the Mesopotamian religion is the origin of the Sumerian religion, the Sumerian religion the origin of the Akkadian religion, the Akkadian religion the origin of the ancient Assyrian religion, the ancient Assyrian religion the origin of the Babylonian religion, the Babylonian religion the origin of Judaism, Judaism the origin of Christianity, and Christianity the origin of Islam. Anu would morph from being a god to becoming the son of Sheeth, who was the son of Adam. Adam was created by Enlil, the son of Ea, from clay and the blood of lesser gods that Enlil defeated in battle.

Sumerian Gods

Sumerians religion (6,500 B.C.) was an anthropomorphic polytheism, or of many gods in human form, which were specific to each city-state. The core pantheon consisted of An (heaven), Enki (a healer and friend to humans), Enlil (gave spells spirits must obey), Inanna (love and war), Utu (sun-god), and Sin (moon-god).

Akkadian Gods

Akkadians religion (2,334 B.C.) was an anthropomorphic polytheism. The three main gods were Anu, Bel, and Ea. Anu and Ea were created between the union of Apsu and Tiamat, and along with them the rest of creation came. Anu was depicted as the king of the gods, and a god that only the king could worship. In the Akkadian religion, he has a wife named Antum. Bel was shown by the Akkadians as the god of order and destiny, being the most important god. He was the god of cycles and fertility and the son of the highest god Anu. Ea was a god of great force and power, and was the god of ritual purification, sorcery, and incantation. He was also the god of craftsmen and artists, as he was the god who had given form to things. He was also was and officially the advisor to the king. The Akkadians also worshipped the sun god Shamash, and he finally became the most important god who defended justice and punished wrongdoers. He was shown with rays of light shining over the king.

Assyrian Gods

Assyrians religion (2,025 B.C.) was mainly polytheistic, but regionally henotheistic. Although the religion had approximately 2,400 gods, some cities had special connections with one particular god and built temples that were considered the deity’s home on earth. For the most part, gods had anthropomorphic bodies, but some were also associated with specific animals and astral or natural phenomena or abstract symbols. For instance, the god Ashur could appear as a bearded figure inside a winged sun disk or as just the disk without any anthropomorphic features. Ashur started out as a local deity but rose with the Assyrian Empire to become the supreme god of the Assyrian pantheon, strongly associated with kingship. In Assyria, religion and state were merged; the king doubled as a religious leader, and it was the duty of all Assyrians to serve both their king and their gods. 

Babylonian Gods

Babylonians religion (2,025 B.C.) is the best known variant of a complex and highly polytheistic system of belief. Of the thousands of recognized gods, about twenty were important in actual practice. Anush, Enlil, and Ea, were patron deities of the oldest Sumerian cities and were each given a share of the Universe as their dominion. Anush, god of the heavens and patron god of Erech. Enlil of Nippur was god of the earth. The god of Eridu, Ea, was lord of the subterranean waters and the god of craftsmen. The son of Ea and patron god of Babylon, Marduk (Enlil) began to attain the position of prominence in Babylonian religion in the time of Hammurabi. After the political rise of Babylon, Marduk was considered one of the rulers of cosmos. In subsequent periods, Merodach was considered the leading god and was given the epithet Baal. Marduk’s son Nebo, god of the nearby city of Borsippa, was considered the god of writing and scribes and became especially exalted in the Neo-Babylonian Period. Astral deities included the sun god Shamash, the moon god Sin, and Ishtar/Aphrodite/Venus, goddess of the morning and evening star. Sin was the patron god of Ur and Haran, both associated with Abraham’s origins. Ishtar, the Canaanite Astarte/Ashtaroth, had a major temple in Babylon and was very popular as the “Queen of Heaven”.

Lineage of Abraham (Ibrahim):

  • Ibrahim
  • Azar
  • Tahur
  • Shahru’
  • Abraghu
  • Falikh
  • Abir
  • Shalikh
  • Arfakshad
  • Sam
  • Nuh
  • Lumik
  • Mutu Shalkh
  • Akhnukh (Idris)
  • Yarid
  • Mahla’il
  • Qainan
  • Anush*
  • Sheeth
  • Adam

Jewish God

Judaism’s (705 B.C.) God Yahweh first revealed himself to a Hebrew man named Abraham, who became known as the founder of Judaism. God made a special covenant with Abraham and the descendants of Abraham is a chosen people who will create a great nation.

Abraham’s first born son was Ishmael. After many years, Abraham’s son Isaac was born. Isaac was the father of Jacob, Jacob took the name Israel, the father of Judah. Israel and his children and future generations are known as Israelites. According to scriptures, God revealed his laws, known as the Ten Commandments, to Moses at Mt. Sinai.

Christian God

Christian’s (Anno Domino) god Jehova is the God of Abraham. Abraham’s descendant Judah was the father of Perez, Perez the father of Hezron, Hezron the father of Ram, Ram the father of Amminadab, Amminadab the father of Nahshon, Nahshon the father of Salmon, Salmon the father of Boaz, Boaz the father of Obed, Obed the father of Jesse, and Jesse the father of King David. David was the father of Solomon, Solomon the father of Rehoboam, Rehoboam the father of Abijah, Abijah the father of Asa, Asa the father of Jehoshaphat, Jehoshaphat the father of Jehoram, Jehoram the father of Uzziah, Uzziah the father of Jotham, Jotham the father of Ahaz, Ahaz the father of Hezekiah, Hezekiah the father of Manasseh, Manasseh the father of Amon, Amon the father of Josiah, Josiah the father of Jeconiah, Jeconiah was the father of Shealtiel, Shealtiel the father of Zerubbabel, Zerubbabel the father of Abihud, Abihud the father of Eliakim, Eliakim the father of Azor, Azor the father of Zadok, Zadok the father of Akim, Akim the father of Elihud, Elihud the father of Eleazar, Eleazar the father of Matthan, Matthan the father of Jacob, and Jacob the father of Joseph, the husband and cousin of Mary, and Mary was the mother of Jesus, who’s father was God.

Muslim God

Islam’s (570 C.E.) God is the God of Ibrahim (Abraham) and his son Ishmael plays an important role in the Quran. One day God asked Abraham to sacrifice his son but when Abraham was about to slaughter Ishmael, God halted him, praised him for his loyalty, and commanded him to sacrifice a ram instead. This event is remembered by Muslims as Eid ul-Adha. After some time upon God’s command, Abraham sends Ishmael and his mother Hagar to the desert with God’s promise of protection. The Quran takes a special interest in Hagar and her son, through whom Arabs trace their connection to Abraham. Each year during the Hajj (the ritual pilgrimage) in Mecca, pilgrims reenact Hagar’s desperate search for water for her infant son, running seven times between two hills and drawing water from the well of Zam Zam, said to have sprung miraculously from the dry earth at the baby Ishmael’s feet. Ishmael was the ancestor of Nabut, Nabut the ancestor of Adnan, Adnan the father of Ma’ad, Ma’ad the father of Nizar, Nizar the father of Mudar, Mudar the father of Ilyas, Ilyas the father of Mudrikah, Mudrikah the father of Khuzaimah, Khuzaimah the father of Kinanah, Kinanah the father of An-Nadr, An-Nadr the father of Malik, Malik the father of Fihr, Fihr the father of Ghalib, Ghalib the father of Lu’ay, Lu’ay the father of Ka’ab, Ka’ab the father of Murrah, Murrah the father of Kilab, Kilab the father of Qusai, Qusai the father of Abd Manaf, Abd Manaf the father of Hashim, Hashim the father of Abdul-Muttalib, Abdul-Muttalib the father of Abdullah, Abdullah the father of the Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him).

The Quran stresses twice that it does not make distinction between the revelations by Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and the tribes (i.e. the sons of Jacob), and that which Moses and Jesus revealed, and that which other prophets received from Allah (Glory to Him, the Exalted).

This is International Solidarity

Cuban doctors will save lives not enrich themselves.

The following statement is an official message from the Cuban government and the people of Cuba.

The world is facing an emergency far graver than what we have experienced in over a century. This crisis demands international solidarity and cooperation. If we act together, the propagation of Covid-19 will be halted in a faster and more cost-effective manner.

The virus knows no boundaries or ideologies. It does not distinguish the rich from the poor. However, its devastating effects multiply there where people that are most vulnerable and get the lowest incomes live. No country should assume it is big enough, or powerful enough to defend itself, isolating itself and ignoring the efforts and needs of others.

For decades Cuba has accumulated experiences in the development of international health cooperation, as generously acknowledged by the World Health Organization.

In the last few weeks, we have responded without hesitance to cooperation requests from other nations. So far, Cuban brigades of healthcare professionals have been deployed to join in the national efforts of 23 countries against Covid-19, including South Africa. Those Medical Brigades joined others working in 61 countries as part of the historic medical cooperation program that Cuba selflessly offers, as a result of its internationalism and solidarity, which means to share with others what we have, even if it’s scarce.

The Cuban Medical Brigade already in South Africa to assist against Covid-19 is integrated by 217 highly qualified healthcare professionals with a lot of experience. Many of them have previously assisted other countries, including South Africa.

It is the humble contribution of a small nation with very limited resources and affected by a brutal economic blockade imposed for 60 years by the US government. In their obsession to destroy the Cuban Revolution, the Trump Administration and its allies are now also promoting a denigrating campaign against the presence of Cuban doctors in other countries. Top US officials devote their time to issue statements threatening governments that faced with the drama of the pandemic exercise their sovereignty and decide to request Cuba’s assistance.

This smear campaign is immoral in all circumstances. In the midst of a pandemic it is also a crime, because it is seeking to deprive millions of people from their universal human right to healthcare services.

All our Medical Brigades have been sent to other countries by decision of the Cuban government based on official requests, without abandoning high quality care to the Cuban population.All our healthcare professionals are volunteers that decided to help those in need, even at the cost of separating from their families, friends and homes. The ones assisting against the Covid-19 have already attended over 5,500 patients in isolation areas, hospitals and red zones jeopardizing their own health and lives. They will do the same in South Africa.

The Cuban government pays the full salary of all our doctors while they are assisting other countries. The host countries have assumed the transportation, accommodation, food and basic means for the doctors, the minimum necessary in order to contribute to the sustainability of our healthcare services.

Cuban internationalist doctors are not looking for luxuries or big payments as it is usually the case with highly qualified specialists around the world. They are prepared to work even in the most difficult situations, including very complex rural areas, because their only priority is to save every live that can be saved. They are educated on the vision of Che Guevara who said: “The life of a single human being is worth a million times more than all the property of the richest man on earth.”

Our Embassy has received thousands of emotional messages of support and appreciation from all over this beautiful nation. Not a few have even selflessly offered their own homes to accommodate Cuban doctors. We expected nothing else from the noble South African brothers and sisters. On behalf of our doctors, the Cuban people and government, we convey our deep appreciation to the people and government of South Africa for the warm welcomed granted to our Medical Brigade.

With their altruism and heroism our health professionals destroy the denigrating campaigns and the manipulation of public opinion. We are very proud of our internationalist doctors, our “Army of the White Coats”, who today are assisting other countries, including South Africa, in the fight against the coronavirus. This is International Solidarity in Action!

Originally published April 30 2020 at Cuba Inside the World

Tigdas Hangin

Rubella o German Measles: Sanhi, sintomas at gamot

Ano nga ba ang sintomas at gamot sa tigdas hangin? Ang German measles o tigdas hangin kung tawagin ay isang nakakahawang virus. Ito ay nagdudulot ng rashes pati na rin ng lagnat.
Ang German measles ay iba sa measles. Ang karaniwang tinatamaan ng sakit na ito ay ang mga bata edad 3 hanggang 11.

Simple lamang ang paggamot dito. Ang mga sintomas ng rubella, tulad ng rashes at lagnat ay karaniwang nawawala matapos ang tatlong araw. Pero siguraduhin lamang na painumin ang bata ng maraming tubig. Labis na pagpapahinga din ang dapat pati na rin ang gamot na aprubado ng doctor para sa lagnat. Bukod sa gamot sa tigdas hangin, mahalaga rin na kumpleto ang bakuna mo kontra rito.

Para sigurado, dalhin sa doktor ang iyong anak para makasiguro na hindi ito measles o scarlet fever sapagkat magkamukha ang mga sintomas nito. Mas mabuti na ring sabihan niyo ang doktor kasi baka meron palang kumakalat na impeksiyon sa inyong lugar, nang maagapan nila ito.
Tandaan: Labis na nakakahawa ang rubella kaya siguraduhing huwag na palabasin ng bahay o papasukin sa eskwela ang iyong anak para iwasang makahawa ng ibang bata.

Hindi naman dapat ikabahala ang tigdas hangin sa baby. Dahil maliban sa rashes at mababang lagnat, wala namang iba pang malubhang sintomas na naidudulot ang sakit na ito.

Pero kapag dumapo ang tigdas hangin sa baby na nasa sinapupunan pa lamang, maaring ipanganak ito na may congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Sa katunuyan, kaya nga ginawa ang rubella vaccine ay para protektahan ang mga buntis laban sa impeksyong ito.
Kaya napaka-importante para sa nagdadalantao, or sa mga gustong magdalantao na magpabakuna laban sa rubella upang masiguro na protektado ang magiging baby nila.
Para sa mga sanggol na naipanganak na, wala naman dapat ikabahala kung tamaan man sila ng rubella.

Ang tigdas hangin sa matanda ay hindi rin dapat ipag-alala. Ito ay kailangan lamang ipahinga. Sa panahong mayroon ka nito, hindi ka dapat lumabas ng iyong bahay dahil nakakahawa ito. Para naman mas bumilis ang iyong pag galing, magpatingin agad sa doktor. Huwag mag-self medicate dahil maaring mas palalain nito ang iyong kalagayan.
Ang sintomas ng tigdas hangin sa matanda ay pananakit ng ulo na may kasamang lagnat. Nariyan din ang pagbabara ng ilong at pananakit ng kalamnan. Kung ikaw ay buntis, mahalaga na maagapan agad ito dahil maaring makasama ito sa iyong pagbubuntis.

Sa edad na 15 taong gulang pa lamang, ang mga bakuna para sa tigdas ay dapat na kumpleto na. Ito kasi ang magsisilbing proteksyon laban dito. Lalo na para sa mga taong exposed sa mga ospital o iyong mga nagtatrabaho doon. Importante rin ito para sa mga madalas na lumabas ng bansa. Pero ang pinaka-delikadong madapuan nito ay ang mga buntis.

Sa panahon ngayon, bihira na ang nagkakaroon ng rubella dahil nga sa meron nang bakuna laban dito. Ang bakuna ng rubella at karaniwang ibinibigay sa batang edad 12 hanggang 15 na buwan, at isa pa kapag nasa edad 4 at 6 taong gulang na ang bata.
Kaya’t siguraduhing mapabakunahan ang anak ninyo sa tamang panahon para lubusang maiwasan ang virus na ito. Kapag ikay’ buntis, kumunsulta sa iyong doktor tungkol sa nararapat na bakuna laban sa rubella para makasigurong walang komplikasyon ang iyong pinagbubuntis.

Source: Healthline

Epidemin — en klassfråga

Sjukdom är i ett kapitalistiskt system alltid en klassfråga, så den måste därför ock ur klassernas synvinklar beaktas.

Revolutionerande demokratisk socialism är vägen ut ur krisen.

Kapitalismen har initialt inget verkligt intresse av sjuka människor, och verkligen inte för epidemier. Löntagarklassen måste kunna arbeta och förbli i arbete; det skall vara så intensivt som möjligt, så länge som möjligt. Naturligtvis kan detta bara göras med ett nödvändigt minimum av hälsa, både fysisk och psykisk. Utmattad arbetskraft är mindre produktiv, sjuka människor är inte produktiva alls.

Dessutom behöver kapitalismen löntagarna i egenskap av konsumenter. Varje avbrott i cykeln för produktion, konsumtion och vinst innebär en kapitalistisk kris, en ekonomisk kris, som uppstår regelbundet och lagligt ändå, eftersom arbetstagarna alltid får lägsta möjliga lön. Emellertid förvärrar exceptionella störningar, såsom en sjukdomsepidemi, krisen i den kapitalistiska cirkulationen.

Dessa fakta korrelerar med ett annat faktum: att den mänskliga arbetskraften alltid måste återställas, den måste reproduceras. Detta innebär först och främst helt enkelt vilopauser, sömn och näring, men också i större mening uppfödning av barn, utbildning, fritidsaktiviteter och hälsovård. Stora delar av denna reproduktion orsakar kostnader. Det ligger i kapitalets intresse att inte behöva bära dessa kostnader: Lönerna bör inte överstiga ett minimum nödvändigt för direkt reproduktion, statliga förmåner och anläggningar bör vara minimala och en avgörande del av reproduktionsarbetet bör bekostas av löntagarna.

Med dessa tre punkter är det redan tydligt att detta motsägelsefulla system inte kan fungera. Detta enkla socioekonomiska faktum kan förstås med grundläggande matematiska kunskaper, utan att ha studerat “Das Kapital”. Det är därför kapitalet, dess politiska partier och föreningar, dess regeringar, dess utbildningsväsen och dess media spenderar så mycket energi för att dölja att kapitalet inte kan kontrollera naturlagarna i sin egen “fria marknadsekonomi”.

Kapitalet kommer alltid att i viss utsträckning acceptera att människor blir sjuka, vilket enligt dess mening inte innebär något annat än att arbetskraften kommer att bli devalverad och icke-produktiv, och att konsumenterna kommer att förlora. Kapitalet kommer att hävda »Med olika åtgärder försökte vi åtminstone motverka de negativa konsekvenserna (men också använda dem för våra egna syften).»

Kapitalet upprätthåller en reservarmé av arbetslösa. Detta tjänar inte bara till att minska löner och sociala förmåner, utan också kompensera, om det är nödvändigt, förlusten av arbetskraft.

Dessutom utgör sjukdom en vinstmöjlighet. Detta gäller särskilt produktion av läkemedel, medicinsk utrustning och kostnadsintensiva patenterade specialbehandlingar. Med monopoliserade patent (i syfte att förhindra tillgängligheten av billigare läkemedel, t.ex. i form av generika, och uppnå maximal vinst även från patientbehandling) försäkrar sig kapitalet om att göra vinst även på mänskligt lidande.

Ur kapitalets perspektiv är det önskvärt att tunna ut eller helt förstöra befintliga statliga hälsosystem eller helst förhindra att de överhuvudtaget skapas. Offentliga sjuk- och hälsovårdstjänster ska minskas och samtidigt bli dyrare för folket genom nya nödvändiggjorda kompletterande försäkringar. Privatisering av sjukvården, minskning av antalet sängplatser, materialbesparing, avsiktlig personalbrist och subvention av privata institutioner innebär en omfördelning via statsbudgeten och nya vinstmöjligheter på bekostnad av löntagarna. Det blir ett folkhälsosystem till för vinst, inte för patienter.

Mer privat, mindre statligt – det är naturligtvis ett allmänt motto för kapitalet, ty varhelst kostnader då uppstår, skapas förutsättning för ytterligare vinster. Detta påverkar synnerligen allvarligt vård och behandling av kroniskt och långvarigt sjuka, av människor med funktionsnedsättningar eller psykiska sjukdomar, av personer som inte kan arbeta och inte minst av de äldre. Tanken är att flytta så mycket som möjligt av arbetet till den privata, obetalda sfären av släktingar och vänner. Människor kommer att tvingas att med egna pengar betala dyrt för privat vård, från låga löner, pensioner eller mödosamt hopsparade reserver.

Det är lätt att se hur ömtåligt detta hela system är, även om situationen fortfarande är bättre än i t.ex. USA – och det är inte en tillfällighet att Kuba är ett motexempel. Det är ett faktum att vårt, i hög grad privatiserade, sjukvårdssystemet inte är dimensionerat för den nuvarande epidemin. Det finns inte tillräckligt med sjukhusbäddar, inte tillräckligt med medicinsk personal, inte tillräckligt med material och materiel, samt inte tillräckligt med ekonomiska resurser. De systematiska problemen accepterades tidigare medvetet och kan inte lösas på kort sikt. Följden blir att sjuka kommer att lämnas att tillfriskna i hemmet och deras medboende kommer även de att utsättas för infektion.

Kapitalismen kan under viss tid hantera detta, men krisens verkliga genombrott skjuts bara upp. Vår ekonomi är i hög grad baserad på social produktion. Detta område är endast försiktigt inriktat på statliga åtgärder, eftersom vinstproduktionen så långt som möjligt inte bör riskeras. Det är emellertid ett faktum att grupper av människor samlas för att arbeta eller resa med kollektivtrafik till och från arbetet. Således kan restriktioner för reproduktion och tjänster, stängning av teatrar, biografer, restauranger och barer, skidorter och skolor vara en sak, men i slutändan handlar det om något annat: om fabrikerna (i vidaste bemärkelse), som trots all deindustrialisering utgör ryggraden i den kapitalistiska ekonomin, om stormarknader och om masstransport. Regeringen är väl medveten om detta, eftersom miljardbidrag förbereds och tillhandahålls i kompensation till företag. Arbetarna å andra sidan förväntas klara sig med mindre. Men nedskärningarna i reproduktionen kommer förr eller senare ändå att nå den kapitalistiska cirkulationen: Varje arbetare är också en konsument.

Tjänstemannaklassen kan genom distansarbete i hemmet hantera epidemin i den personliga sfären, medan arbetarna tvingas fortsätta arbeta i produktionslinjer och kontantdiskar. Kapitalet vill till varje pris rädda sina vinster — utan hänsyn till löntagarnas förluster.

De sämre bemedlade utsätts för den förstörda välfärden, medan de rikare har tillgång till privata anläggningar, dyra mediciner och specialbehandling. Men det är trots allt ett helt klasssamhälle där vi ska leva — och eventuellt att dö.

Hampus Cronander, Göteborg, den 1. april 2020

STATEMENT AGAINST IMPERIALIST AGGRESSION

Excerpt from a statement originally posted at solidnet.org by the Communist Party of Venezuela, Caracas, February 22 2020

The purposes of the aggression and the attacks by international capital and it’s lieutenants of the local Right wing forces against the national dignity and the well-being of the Venezuelan people are no longer a secret to anyone. The bourgeoisie of the United States, the big domestic capitalist monopolies and their related parties, have acted against peasants, workers and communities in Venezuela and Latin America for more than half a century.

The Imperial onslaught has increased considerably in the last decades of the Venezuelan political process. It does not only include political conspiracy, assassination attempts and plans of national fragmentation so as to occupy geographic areas, carried out by oil and mining companies, but also economic sabotage, the grotesque elevation of prices of the basic food basket, the transport boycott, the sewing of anarchy and thousands of other abuses committed daily by the pro-imperialist Right. It is well known that for the advancement of those plans, the Right takes advantage of impunity and other governmental mistakes. 

In recent months their isolationist plans and economic-military provocations have entered a new phase, looking to close in on surrounding the Venezuelan nation, to deliver the final blow against the Bolivarian process and its avant-garde. The imperialists and their lackeys, suffocated by the huge and prolonged structural crisis which consumes them, consider that the appropriate time has come to hit the struggles of the Venezuelan people at their base, ruining social plans, cornering the people and finding a way out of the Bolivarian Government through any route. These plans have been given the green light by the coup mongers, promoted by US imperialism, their footmen in Latin America, as well as by the unpatriotic Right based on Venezuelan soil. 

The policy of carrying out an interventionary coup, so developed by the imperialist government of the United States, the European Union, and with the shameful collaboration of a number of Latin American governments, now focuses its goal on an aggressive military-political propaganda campaign, hidden behind the so-called “humanitarian aid” which seeks to justify the invasion of our country. 

We condemn the imperialist plans of hunting down the natural resources and privatising them, publicly declared so by the United States, the European Union, the Lima Group, FEDECAMARAS-VENAMCHAM, and the National Assembly in contempt and directed by Guaido group. 

We, members of the FPAA, call for preparation, organization and popular mobilization. We demand a heavy hand by the Government against the saboteurs, intervenerors and terrorists, immediate jail for price speculators. We demand the application of article 113 and 114 of the Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela to the monopolist price speculators in particular and to the financial system. We call to establish worker-peasant-community-popular control over the processes of production, marketing and distribution, and to boost national industrialization plans. We also call for a real agrarian revolution that would definitively remove the dependence, exploitation and unpatriotic ruthless blackmail of the historical enemies of the Venezuelan people and of the world.

AGAINST IMPERIALIST AGGRESSION!
UNITY AND MOBILIZATION!

COMMUNIST PARTY OF VENEZUELA
HOMELAND FOR ALL PARTY
REVOLUTIONARY PARTY OF LABOUR
GAYONES MOVEMENT

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